Differences Between Electrical and Electronic Systems: Definition, Examples, and Which One to Study

 In today's modern era, technology is advancing rapidly, and understanding various technological systems is becoming increasingly important. Two fields that often sound similar but have fundamental differences are electrical systems and electronic systems. Although both are closely related to the flow of electric current, their applications, operating principles, and even the skills required to master them are quite different.

So, what exactly is the difference between electrical and electronic systems? And which one should you learn or master, depending on your interests or desired career path? This article will thoroughly explore the differences, similarities, applications, and learning recommendations between electrical and electronic systems, complete with real-life examples.

1. Understanding Electrical Systems

An electrical system refers to systems related to the generation, distribution, and use of electrical energy on a large scale. The primary focus is how electricity is generated, distributed, and used to power various devices.

Main characteristics of an electrical system:

• High voltage and high current.
• Used for lighting, heating, electric motors, and industrial purposes.
• Main components: generators, transformers, distribution cables, motors, and other electrical equipment.
• Usually linear, with little emphasis on signal processing.

Examples of electrical system applications:

• Coal-fired power plants (PLTU)
• State Electricity Company (PLN) distribution substations
• Household and building electrical installations
• Electric motors in industry

2. Understanding Electronic Systems

Electronic systems deal with signal and information processing using semiconductor components and small circuits. The focus is not only on current flow, but also how that current is manipulated to perform specific functions.

Main characteristics of electronic systems:

• Low voltage and current (usually below 12V)
• Used for control, communication, data processing, and sensors
• Main components: transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), diodes, microcontrollers
• Non-linear and highly complex in signal processing

Examples of electronic system applications:

• Smartphones and computers
• Automatic control systems (robotics, PLC)
• Medical equipment (ECG, MRI)
• Navigation and communication systems (GPS, Wi-Fi)

4. The Relationship Between the Two

Although different, electrical and electronic systems often work side by side. Within a single device or system, both may exist.

Example:

Electric cars: The electrical system is used to drive the motor and charge the battery, while the electronic system manages the battery, sensors, and computer control of the car.

Industrial factories: The electrical system supplies power to heavy machinery, while the electronic system controls the machinery through a PLC (programmable logic controller).

Smart homes: Electrical installations are used for lighting and household appliances, while the electronic system is used for automation and remote control via an app.

4. Educational Pathways and Required Skills

For Electrical Systems:

Educational background: Electrical Engineering (especially high current), Electrical Engineering

Key skills:

• Reading electrical diagrams
• Electrical installation
• Distribution system analysis
• Occupational safety and electrical protection

Common certifications:

• Electrical Installation Certification (Competency Certificate)
• Electrical Occupational Health and Safety Training
• For Electronic Systems:
• Educational background: Electronic Engineering, Computer Engineering, Industrial Automation

Key skills:

• Circuit design and soldering
• Microcontroller programming (Arduino, Raspberry Pi)
• Signal analysis
• PCB design and embedded programming

Common certifications:

• Microcontroller Certification
• IoT and Embedded Systems Certification

5 . Which is More Important to Study?

The answer to this question largely depends on:

a. Personal Interest

• If you are interested in power systems, renewable energy, and large-scale engineering → study electrical systems
• If you prefer computers, automatic control, or robotics → study electronic systems

b. Industrial Development

Future technology trends such as electric cars, IoT, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy demonstrate the need for a combination of the two. The ability to integrate electrical systems with electronic systems is a significant advantage in Industry 4.0.

6. Challenges and Opportunities in Each Field

Electrical Systems:

Challenges:

• High occupational risks due to high voltages
• Requires specific regulations and permits
• Dependence on infrastructure

Opportunities:

• High demand in renewable energy
• Large-scale national and international projects
• Expansion of electrification in remote areas

Electronic Systems:

Challenges:

• Technological development is very rapid → requires continuous learning
• Device miniaturization requires high precision

Opportunities:

• Entering almost all sectors: medical, defense, agriculture, education
• Huge innovation potential (IoT, smart cities, AI)
• Low initial costs for experiments and prototypes

Conclusion:  Collaboration Is Key

Rather than choosing just one, it's more strategic to understand both, even if at different levels. Having a basic knowledge of electricity while delving into electronics will open up more opportunities in the world of work and technological innovation.

Recommendations for beginners:

Start with electrical systems if you want to work in the field or on large projects.

Learn electronic systems if you want to enter the world of digital technology, IoT, or smart device development.

Combine the two to become a versatile professional in the digital age.