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1. Introduction and Pillars of Occupational Safety and Health (K3)
Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is a systematic effort to ensure a safe, healthy, and risk-free work environment for accidents or occupational diseases.
In the Electrical Engineering laboratory, potential hazards are quite complex: from high voltages and sensitive electronic components to experimental equipment.
Objectives of this material:
- Students will be able to recognize potential hazards.
- Implement standard safety procedures.
- Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) correctly.
- Provide first aid.
- Cultivate an attitude of discipline, responsibility, and concern for the work environment.
2. Identifying Potential Hazards in the Electrical Laboratory
- Electrical hazards: high voltage, leakage current, ground faults, capacitors still holding charge
- Mechanical & thermal hazards: rotating tools, hot plates, ovens, lasers, and the risk of injury from broken glass.
- Environment: slippery floors, messy cables, disorganized chemical storage
- Chemicals & sharps: spills or contact with corrosive chemicals, sharp instruments such as needles, broken glass, which can potentially cause injury.
3. Spatial Layout, Facilities, and Supporting Infrastructure
- Spatial layout: chemical- and heat-resistant tables, adequate ventilation, clean and non-slippery floors, clearly labeled exits
- Safe storage: chemicals are stored in special cabinets at a safe distance from sprinklers/lights, strong and sturdy shelves, separate incompatible chemicals.
- Power lines: avoid cables on the floor, know the location of the electrical panel, check the condition of cables & insulation
- Grounding: ensure proper equipment grounding to prevent electric shock through the casing.
- Emergency equipment: Fire extinguisher, first aid kit, emergency signs, evacuation system, and spill kit are available and recognized.
4. Equipment Use and Maintenance: Electrical Safety Procedures
- Equipment Inspection: Regularly check the condition of the cables, insulation, and cleanliness of dust and oil to prevent current leakage.
- Isolator & Grounding Installation: especially for high voltage circuits, and avoid direct contact when working
- Capacitor handling: capacitors must be discharged before being touched, use insulating tools.
- Safe measurement: use a measuring tool with an insulated handle; keep one hand in a pocket or behind the body to prevent current from passing through.
- Motors and rotating equipment: use non-series-cycle motors (reduce sparking) near flammable materials.
- Power outage before servicing: always disconnect power before servicing equipment; only qualified technicians should perform repairs.
- Ventilation and cleanliness: avoid condensation, steam or spills that could cause short circuits or fire.
5. Laboratory Behavior and Rules
- Prohibited activities: no eating, drinking, smoking, loud talking, joking, or using cell phones—to maintain concentration and prevent accidents.
- Mandatory PPE: lab coat, closed shoes, hair tied back, avoid jewelry and contact lenses, use gloves, mask/additional PPE if necessary
- Enter the laboratory: only authorized personnel or students, and always read the procedures before working.
- Do not work alone: always have supervision from a technician or lecturer; do not work alone during practice.
- Report incidents: minor accidents, spills, damaged equipment must be reported immediately without panic.
6. Training, Risk Assessment, and OHS Culture
- Safety training: mandatory for lab users to learn how to use PPE and respond to incidents such as shocks or fires.
- Hazard identification form: before work, users fill out a risk assessment and safety contract.
- Regular evacuation drills: understand evacuation routes, assembly points, fire extinguisher locations
- Culture of discipline: individual awareness and responsibility create a safe, disciplined and healthy work environment.
7. Emergency Measures and First Aid
Electric Shock:
- Turn off the power before assisting the victim.
- If you cannot turn it off, use an insulating stick or dry cloth to move the victim away from the source.
Fire axe:
- Do not use water to extinguish electrical fires! Turn off the source then use a CO₂ or dry fire extinguisher
Chemical Spills:
- Flush skin/eyes for at least 20 minutes if exposed to the material. Call a doctor/technician immediately.
Evacuation:
- Know the routes and assembly points, and practice regularly.
8. Practical Summary & K3 Checklist
Space & Facilities : Ventilation, safe floors, neat arrangement, safe storage, emergency equipment available
Tools & Infrastructure : Good insulation cables, grounding, clear electrical panel, regular maintenance
Behavior & PPE : Prohibit hazardous activities, lab coats, closed shoes are mandatory, avoid jewelry
Work procedures : Inspection, turn off the flow before servicing, discharge the capacitor, use safe measuring tools.
OHS Training & Culture : Risk assessment, training, evacuation procedures, individual responsibility
Emergency response : Turn off the power, CPR, spills, fires → APAR according to type, report immediately
Conclusion
Safety in an Electrical Engineering laboratory is not just about technical procedures or equipment, but rather about a safety culture—starting with individual awareness, disciplined training, and systematic processes before, during, and after work. By consistently applying the above principles, we can create a productive and safe research environment.
